Ibyuma bidafite ibyuma ni ijambo ryumwuga ryihariye ririmo ibicuruzwa byinshi. Ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhambira ibice byimashini bihenze kubera isura yabyo, biramba, kandi birwanya ruswa.

 
Ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bisanzwe bifata ubwoko 12 bwibice bikurikira:
1. Bolt: Ubwoko bwihuta bugizwe numutwe na screw (silinderi ifite umugozi wo hanze). Igomba guhuzwa nimbuto kandi ikoreshwa muguhambira ibice bibiri binyuze mumyobo. Ubu bwoko bwihuza bwitwa bolt ihuza. Niba ibinyomoro bidakuwe muri bolt, ibice byombi birashobora gutandukana, bityo ihuza rya bolt ni ihuriro ritandukanijwe.

2. Kwiga:Ubwoko bwihuta butagira umutwe kandi bufite insanganyamatsiko zo hanze kumpande zombi. Iyo uhuza, impera yacyo igomba guhindurwamo igice hamwe nu mwobo wimbere, urundi ruhande rugomba kunyura mu gice gifite umwobo, hanyuma umutobe ugahita, nubwo ibice byombi byahujwe cyane nka a yose.

3. Imiyoboro: Nubundi buryo bwo gufunga bugizwe nibice bibiri: umutwe na screw. Bashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije imikoreshereze yabyo: imashini yimashini, gushiraho imashini hamwe nintego yihariye. Imashini yimashini ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubice bifite umwobo wiziritse. Guhuza kwifata nigice gifite umwobo ntibisaba ubufatanye bwimbuto (ubu buryo bwo guhuza bwitwa guhuza imiyoboro kandi nabwo ni isano itandukanye; irashobora kandi gukoreshwa hamwe na Nut fit, ikoreshwa muguhuza guhuza ibice bibiri hamwe no kunyuramo umwobo.) Shiraho imigozi ikoreshwa cyane mugukosora umwanya ugereranije hagati yibice bibiri. Imigozi idasanzwe-nkibikoresho byamaso bikoreshwa mukuzamura ibice.

4. Imbuto zidafite ingese. Kora igice cyose.

5. Kwikubita wenyine: Bisa na mashini ya mashini, ariko insinga ziri kumurongo ni insinga zidasanzwe zo kwikuramo. Byakoreshejwe mu guhambira no guhuza ibice bibiri bito byuma kugirango ubigire igice kimwe. Ibyobo bito bigomba gukorwa mbere yimiterere. Kubera ko ubu bwoko bwa screw bufite ubukana buhanitse, burashobora kwinjizwa muburyo butaziguye kugirango umwobo ugizwe hagati. Shiraho insanganyamatsiko zimbere. Ubu bwoko bwihuza nabwo ni isano itandukanye.

6. Imigozi y'ibiti: Zisa kandi nizimashini zimashini, ariko insinga ziri kumurongo ni insinga zidasanzwe kumashanyarazi. Zishobora guhurizwa mu bikoresho (cyangwa ibice) kandi bigakoreshwa muguhuza icyuma (cyangwa kitari icyuma) hamwe nu mwobo. Ibice bifatanyirijwe hamwe hamwe nibiti. Ihuza naryo ni ihuriro ritandukanijwe.
7. Gukaraba: Ubwoko bwihuta bumeze nkimpeta ya oblate. Bishyizwe hagati yubuso bwa bolts, screw cyangwa nuts hamwe nubuso bwibice byahujwe, bigira uruhare mukwongera ubuso bwubuso bwibice byahujwe, kugabanya umuvuduko kuri buri gice no kurinda ubuso bwibice byahujwe kuba byangiritse; ubundi bwoko bwo gukaraba neza, Irashobora kandi kubuza ibinyomoro kurekura.

8. Impeta yinyuma:Yashizwe mumashanyarazi cyangwa umwobo wimashini nibikoresho, kandi igira uruhare mukurinda ibice kumurongo cyangwa umwobo kugenda ibumoso niburyo.

9. Amapine: Ahanini bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gushyira ibice, kandi bimwe bikoreshwa no guhuza ibice, gutunganya ibice, kohereza imbaraga cyangwa gufunga ibindi bifunga.

10. Rivet:Ubwoko bwihuta bugizwe numutwe hamwe n umusumari, bikoreshwa muguhambira no guhuza ibice bibiri (cyangwa ibice) hamwe nu mwobo kugirango ube byose. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza bwitwa rivet ihuza, cyangwa kuzunguruka mugihe gito. Biri kumurongo udahuza. Kuberako kugirango utandukanye ibice bibiri byahujwe hamwe, imirongo yibice igomba gucika.

11. Iteraniro hamwe na babiri. ubwoko bwihuta butangwa nuruvange rwihariye rwa bolts, nuts hamwe nogeshe, nkibibiri byimbaraga-nini nini nini nini ya hexagonal imitwe yububiko.

12. Gusudira imisumari: Kuberako ibyuma bifata ibice bitandukanye bigizwe ningufu zoroheje numutwe wimisumari (cyangwa nta mutwe wimisumari), birashizweho kandi bihuzwa nigice (cyangwa ibice) hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusudira kugirango bibe byahujwe nibindi bice bisanzwe byuma. .

Ibikoresho
Ibice bisanzwe byicyuma bifite ibyo bisabwa kugirango bikore ibikoresho fatizo. Ibikoresho byinshi bidafite ingese birashobora gukorwa mubyuma cyangwa inkoni kugirango bikorwe byihuse, harimo ibyuma bitagira ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bya ferritike, ibyuma bya martensitike, hamwe n’imvura ikomera ibyuma bitagira umwanda. None ni ayahe mahame muguhitamo ibikoresho?

Guhitamo ibikoresho byuma bidafite ingese bireba cyane cyane ibi bikurikira:
1. Ibisabwa kubikoresho byihuta mubijyanye nubukanishi, cyane cyane imbaraga;
2. Ibisabwa kugirango irwanye ruswa yibikoresho mubihe byakazi
3.
Ibicuruzwa bisabwa kugirango ibikorwa bitunganyirizwe
5. Ibindi bintu, nkuburemere, igiciro, amasoko nibindi bigomba gusuzumwa.
Nyuma yo gusuzuma byimazeyo kandi byuzuye kuri izi ngingo eshanu, ibikoresho byuma bitagira umuyonga amaherezo byatoranijwe ukurikije ibipimo byigihugu. Ibice bisanzwe hamwe nibifunga byakozwe bigomba kandi kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bya tekiniki: bolts, imigozi na sitidiyo (3098.3-2000), imbuto (3098.15-200) no gushiraho imigozi (3098.16-2000).