Nyuma y’uko ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga izamutse ikagera ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi ku nshuro ya mbere muri Kanama, umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa wageze ku rwego rwo hejuru muri Nzeri. Muri byo, byaba ari umusaruro, kugurisha cyangwa kohereza mu mahanga, imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zikomeje gukomeza iterambere rya "urugendo rumwe rugana ku mukungugu".

Abahanga mu nganda bavuze ko kohereza hanze imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu byabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi mu nganda z’imodoka zo mu gihugu cyanjye, kandi ko umubare w’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu gihugu mu masoko yo mu mahanga wiyongereye cyane, kandi iyi gahunda nziza y’iterambere ryitezwe ko izakomeza.

Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu bihembwe bitatu bya mbere byiyongereyeho 55.5% ukurikije umwaka ushize

Dukurikije amakuru atangwa buri kwezi n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakora Imodoka mu Bushinwa (rizwi nka Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakora Imodoka mu Bushinwa) ku ya 11 Ukwakira, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Bushinwa byakomeje kugera ku musaruro mwiza muri Nzeri nyuma yo kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru muri Kanama, birenga imodoka 300.000 ku nshuro ya mbere. Yiyongereyeho 73.9% bigera ku modoka 301.000.

Amasoko yo mu mahanga arimo kuba icyerekezo gishya cy’iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa by’amasosiyete yigenga y’imodoka. Ukurikije imikorere y’amasosiyete akomeye, kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kanama, igipimo cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya SAIC Motor cyariyongereye kigera kuri 17.8%, Changan Motor yariyongereye igera kuri 8.8%, Great Wall Motor yariyongereye igera kuri 13.1%, naho Geely Automobile yariyongereye igera kuri 14%.

Igishimishije ni uko ibirango byigenga byageze ku ntambwe ikomeye mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku masoko y’i Burayi n’Amerika ndetse no ku masoko y’isi ya gatatu, kandi ingamba zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku birango mpuzamahanga mu Bushinwa zarushijeho kugira akamaro, bigaragaza ko muri rusange habayeho iterambere ry’ubwiza n’ingano y’ibinyabiziga bikorerwa mu gihugu.

Nk’uko byatangajwe na Xu Haidong, umuyobozi mukuru wungirije w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora imodoka mu Bushinwa, nubwo umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga wazamutse, igiciro cy’amagare na cyo cyakomeje kuzamuka. Igiciro mpuzandengo cy’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu Bushinwa ku isoko ryo mu mahanga cyageze ku madolari agera ku bihumbi 30 by’Amerika.

Dukurikije imibare y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Amakuru ku Isoko ry’Imodoka z’Abagenzi (rizwi nka Ishyirahamwe ry’Imodoka z’Abagenzi), iterambere ryihuta ku isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi ni ikintu cy’ingenzi. Muri Nzeri, imodoka zitwara abagenzi zoherezwa mu mahanga (harimo imodoka zuzuye na CKD) hakurikijwe imibare y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abagenzi zari 250.000, ubwiyongere bwa 85% ugereranyije n’umwaka, n’ubwiyongere bwa 77.5% muri Kanama. Muri zo, ibicuruzwa byigenga byoherejwe mu mahanga byageze ku 204.000, ubwiyongere bwa 88% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nzeri, imodoka zitwara abagenzi zo mu gihugu miliyoni 1.59 zoherejwe mu mahanga, ubwiyongere bwa 60% ugereranyije n’umwaka.

Muri icyo gihe, kohereza hanze imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu byabaye imbaraga zikomeye mu kohereza imodoka mu mahanga.

Amakuru yavuye mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakoresha Imodoka mu Bushinwa yagaragaje ko kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nzeri, amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa yohereje imodoka miliyoni 2.117, ubwiyongere bwa 55.5% buri mwaka. Muri zo, imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu 389.000 zoherejwe mu mahanga, ubwiyongere burenze inshuro imwe buri mwaka, kandi igipimo cy’ubwiyongere cyari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’inganda zitwara imodoka mu mahanga.

Amakuru aturuka mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abagenzi agaragaza kandi ko muri Nzeri, imodoka zitwara abagenzi zikoresha ingufu nshya zo mu gihugu zohereje imodoka 44.000, zingana na 17.6% by’ibyoherejwe mu mahanga byose (harimo imodoka zuzuye na CKD). SAIC, Geely, Great Wall Motor, AIWAYS, JAC, n'ibindi. Ubwoko bushya bw’ingufu z’ibigo by’imodoka byakoze neza ku masoko yo mu mahanga.

Nk’uko abantu bakomeye mu nganda babivuga, kohereza imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye byagize icyerekezo cy’ “igihangange kimwe kandi byinshi bikomeye”: Kohereza Tesla mu Bushinwa ni byo biri ku isonga muri rusange, kandi ibirango byayo byinshi biri mu mimerere myiza yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, mu gihe ibigo bitatu bya mbere byohereza imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu biri mu bitatu bya mbere. Amasoko ni Ububiligi, Ubwongereza na Tayilande.

Hari ibintu byinshi bituma ikigo cy’imodoka cyohereza mu mahanga kizamuka

Inganda zizera ko imbaraga zikomeye zo kohereza imodoka mu mahanga mu bihembwe bitatu bya mbere by'uyu mwaka ziterwa ahanini n'impamvu nyinshi.

Kuri ubu, isoko ry’imodoka ku isi ryariyongereye, ariko kubera ibura ry’ibice by’imodoka n’ibindi bice, inganda z’imodoka zo mu mahanga zagabanyije umusaruro, bigatuma habaho icyuho kinini cy’ibicuruzwa bitangwa.

Meng Yue, umuyobozi wungirije w’ishami ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, yavuze mbere ko ukurikije icyifuzo cy’isoko mpuzamahanga, isoko ry’imodoka ku isi ririmo kuzamuka buhoro buhoro. Biteganyijwe ko kugurisha imodoka ku isi bizarenga gato miliyoni 80 uyu mwaka na miliyoni 86.6 umwaka utaha.

Bitewe n’icyorezo gishya cya crown pneumonia, amasoko yo mu mahanga yateje icyuho mu mikorere y’imodoka bitewe n’ibura ry’ibikoresho, mu gihe gahunda ihamye y’umusaruro w’Ubushinwa kubera gukumira no kugenzura icyorezo yatumye ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bushinwa mu mahanga. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka muri AFS (AutoForecast Solutions), kugeza mu mpera za Gicurasi uyu mwaka, bitewe n’ibura ry’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa chip, isoko ry’imodoka ku isi ryagabanyije umusaruro ku modoka zigera kuri miliyoni 1.98, kandi i Burayi ni akarere gafite igabanuka rikomeye ry’umusaruro w’imodoka bitewe n’ibura ry’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa chip. Ibi kandi ni ingenzi mu gutuma imodoka zo mu Bushinwa zigurishwa neza mu Burayi.

Kuva mu 2013, ubwo ibihugu byafataga icyemezo cyo kuvugurura ibidukikije, inganda nshya z’ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu zatangiye gutera imbere vuba.

Kugeza ubu, ibihugu bigera ku 130 n'uturere ku isi byatanze cyangwa birimo kwitegura gutanga intego zo kutagira karuboni ikoreshwa mu kurwanya karuboni. Ibihugu byinshi byasobanuye ingengabihe yo guhagarika igurishwa ry'imodoka zitwara lisansi. Urugero, Ubuholandi na Noruveje byatanze igitekerezo cyo guhagarika igurishwa ry'imodoka zitwara lisansi mu 2025. Ubuhinde n'Ubudage biritegura guhagarika igurishwa ry'imodoka zitwara lisansi mu 2030. Ubufaransa n'Ubwongereza birateganya guhagarika igurishwa ry'imodoka zitwara lisansi mu 2040. Kugurisha imodoka zitwara lisansi.

Kubera igitutu cy’amategeko agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, politiki yo gushyigikira imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu bihugu bitandukanye yakomeje kwiyongera, kandi icyifuzo cy’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ku isi cyakomeje kwiyongera, ibyo bikaba bitanga umwanya munini ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye wo kwinjira ku masoko yo mu mahanga. Amakuru agaragaza ko mu 2021, imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye zizagera ku mashini 310.000, ubwiyongere bw’inshuro hafi eshatu buri mwaka, bungana na 15.4% by’imodoka zose zikoresha ingufu. Mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, kohereza imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu mahanga byakomeje kuba byinshi, kandi ingano y’izoherezwa mu mahanga yiyongereyeho inshuro 1.3 buri mwaka, bingana na 16.6% by’imodoka zose zikoresha ingufu mu mahanga. Ukwiyongera gukomeje kw’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy’uyu mwaka ni ugukomeza iki gikorwa.

Iterambere rikomeye ry’imodoka zoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu cyanjye ryagize uruhare mu kwaguka kw’“uruziga rw’inshuti” zo mu mahanga.

Ibihugu biri ku nkengero z'umuhanda "Belt and Road" ni byo bigurisha imodoka z'igihugu cyanjye, bingana na 40%; kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, imodoka z'igihugu cyanjye zoherejwe mu bihugu bigize RCEP zari imodoka 395.000, ubwiyongere bwa 48.9% buri mwaka.

Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye cyasinye amasezerano 19 y’ubucuruzi bw’ubuntu, areba ibihugu 26 n’uturere. Shili, Peru, Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande n’ibindi bihugu byagabanyije imisoro ku bicuruzwa by’imodoka by’igihugu cyanjye, bishyiraho ibidukikije byoroshye ku iterambere mpuzamahanga ry’ibigo by’imodoka.

Mu gikorwa cyo guhindura no kuvugurura inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa, uretse kwibanda ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, hibandwa no ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Kuri ubu, ishoramari ry’inganda zikora imodoka zo mu gihugu ku isoko rishya ry’imodoka zikoresha ingufu rirenze kure iry’ibigo mpuzamahanga bikoresha imodoka. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo bikoresha imodoka zo mu gihugu byishingikiriza ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu kugira ngo biteze imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu, rifite inyungu mu buhanga no mu mikoranire, kandi ryabaye intego ikurura abaguzi b’abanyamahanga.

Nk’uko abantu bakomeye mu nganda babivuga, ni ukubera ko ari yo mpamvu ikomeye mu bijyanye n’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga bw’ibigo by’imodoka byo mu Bushinwa bwakomeje gutera imbere, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa byakomeje gutera imbere, kandi ingaruka z’ibirango byabyo zakomeje kwiyongera buhoro buhoro.

Fata urugero rwa SAIC. SAIC yashinze amasoko arenga 1.800 yo kwamamaza no gutanga serivisi mu mahanga. Ibicuruzwa na serivisi byayo bikwirakwizwa mu bihugu birenga 90 n'uturere, bigakora amasoko 6 akomeye mu Burayi, Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande, na Amerika. Ibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe mu mahanga byarenze miliyoni 3. Muri byo, ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe na SAIC Motor mu mahanga muri Kanama byageze ku 101.000, ubwiyongere bw'umwaka ku kigero cya 65.7%, bingana na hafi 20% by'ibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe, biba ikigo cya mbere mu Bushinwa kirengeje 100.000 mu kwezi kumwe mu masoko yo mu mahanga. Muri Nzeri, ibicuruzwa bya SAIC byoherejwe mu mahanga byariyongereye bigera ku 108.400.

Umusesenguzi w’imigabane washinze Duan Yingsheng yasesenguye ko ibirango byigenga byihutishije iterambere ry’amasoko yo mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, i Burayi, na Amerika binyuze mu kubaka inganda mu mahanga (harimo n’inganda za KD), inzira zo kugurisha zihuriweho mu mahanga, no kubaka inzira zigenga mu mahanga. Muri icyo gihe, kumenya isoko ry’ibirango byigenga nabyo biri kugenda birushaho gutera imbere. Mu masoko amwe n’amwe yo mu mahanga, gukundwa kw’ibirango byigenga kugereranywa n’uko amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’imodoka akunda kugurwa.

Amasosiyete y'imodoka afite icyizere cyo gukorera mu mahanga

Nubwo bagera ku musaruro mwiza wo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, amasosiyete y’imodoka zo mu gihugu aracyashyira imbaraga mu masoko yo mu mahanga kugira ngo bitegure ejo hazaza.

Ku ya 13 Nzeri, imodoka nshya zo mu bwoko bwa SAIC Motor MG MULAN 10.000 zikoresha ingufu zavanywe muri Shanghai zijya ku isoko ry’i Burayi. Iri ni ryo tsinda rinini ry’imodoka zikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki zoherejwe mu Bushinwa zijya i Burayi kugeza ubu. Umuntu ubishinzwe ushinzwe Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru yavuze ko kohereza imodoka “10.000 mu Burayi” muri SAIC bigaragaza iterambere rishya mu iterambere mpuzamahanga ry’inganda z’imodoka mu gihugu cyanjye, kohereza imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu Bushinwa byinjiye mu ntera y’iterambere ryihuse, kandi bituma inganda z’imodoka ku isi zihinduka amashanyarazi.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibikorwa byo kwagura imodoka za Great Wall Motor mu mahanga nabyo byakunze kugaragara cyane, kandi umubare w’imodoka zuzuye zagurishijwe mu mahanga warenze miliyoni 1. Muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, Great Wall Motor yaguze uruganda rw’Ubuhinde rwa General Motors, hamwe n’uruganda rwa Mercedes-Benz rwo muri Brezili rwaguzwe umwaka ushize, ndetse n’inganda z’Abarusiya na Tayilande zamaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Great Wall Motor yashyize mu bikorwa imiterere y’amasoko yo muri Eurasie na Amerika y’Epfo. Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, Great Wall Motor na Emile Frye Group byumvikanye ku mugaragaro ku masezerano y’ubufatanye, kandi impande zombi zizafatanya gusuzumira isoko ry’i Burayi.

Chery, yohereje amasoko yo mu mahanga mbere, yohereje ibicuruzwa byayo muri Kanama byiyongereyeho 152.7% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize, bigera ku modoka 51.774. Chery yashinze ibigo 6 by’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, ibigo 10 by’inganda n’ibigo birenga 1.500 by’ubucuruzi n’ibicuruzwa byayo mu mahanga, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo byoherezwa muri Brezili, Uburusiya, Ukraine, Arabiya Sawudite, Shili n’ibindi bihugu. Muri Kanama w’uyu mwaka, Chery yatangiye kuganira n’inganda zikora imodoka zo mu Burusiya kugira ngo bakore ibicuruzwa byazo mu Burusiya.

Kuva mu mpera za Nyakanga kugeza mu ntangiriro za Kanama uyu mwaka, BYD yatangaje ko igiye kwinjira mu isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Buyapani na Tayilande, inatangira gutanga ibicuruzwa bishya by’imodoka zikoresha ingufu ku masoko ya Suwede n’Ubudage. Ku ya 8 Nzeri, BYD yatangaje ko izubaka uruganda rukora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Tayilande, ruteganijwe gutangira gukora mu 2024, rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora imodoka zigera ku 150.000 buri mwaka.

Changan Automobile irateganya kubaka ibiri cyangwa bine by’inganda zikora mu mahanga mu 2025. Changan Automobile yavuze ko izashyiraho icyicaro gikuru cy’i Burayi n’icyicaro gikuru cy’i Burayi mu gihe gikwiye, kandi izinjire ku masoko y’imodoka yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru ifite ibikoresho by’imodoka byiza kandi bigezweho.

Hari imbaraga nshya zikora imodoka nazo zirimo kwibasira amasoko yo mu mahanga kandi zishishikajwe no kugerageza.

Nk’uko amakuru abivuga, ku ya 8 Nzeri, Leap Motor yatangaje ko yinjiye ku mugaragaro ku masoko yo mu mahanga. Yagiranye ubufatanye n’ikigo cy’imodoka cyo muri Isirayeli kugira ngo yohereze itsinda rya mbere rya T03 muri Isirayeli; Weilai yavuze ku ya 8 Ukwakira ko ibicuruzwa byayo, serivisi za sisitemu yose n’uburyo bushya bw’ubucuruzi bizashyirwa mu bikorwa mu Budage, mu Buholandi, muri Suwede na Danemark; Xpeng Motors nayo yahisemo Uburayi nk’akarere gakunzwe cyane kubera iterambere ry’isi. Bizafasha Xiaopeng Motors kwinjira vuba ku isoko ry’i Burayi. Byongeye kandi, AIWAYS, LANTU, WM Motor, n’ibindi na byo byinjiye ku isoko ry’i Burayi.

Ishyirahamwe ry’Abamotari bo mu Bushinwa riteganya ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu cyanjye biteganijwe ko bizarenga miliyoni 2.4 muri uyu mwaka. Raporo y’ubushakashatsi iheruka ya Pacific Securities yavuze ko gushyira imbaraga mu bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bishobora gufasha amasosiyete y’imodoka n’ibice byo mu gihugu mu rwego rwo hejuru kwihutisha kwagura uruhererekane rw’inganda, no kurushaho gushishikariza imbaraga zabo mu bijyanye no guhindura ikoranabuhanga no kunoza sisitemu nziza.

Ariko, abahanga mu nganda bemeza ko ibirango byigenga bigihura n’imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu "kujya mu mahanga". Kuri ubu, ibirango byigenga byinshi byinjira ku isoko ryateye imbere biracyari mu cyiciro cyo kugeragezwa, kandi ko ikwirakwira ry’imodoka zo mu Bushinwa ku isi rigikeneye igihe cyo kubigenzura.