Nyuma y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byasimbutse ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi ku nshuro ya mbere muri Kanama, Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru muri Nzeri. Muri byo, haba umusaruro, kugurisha cyangwa kohereza mu mahanga, ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu bikomeje kugumana iterambere ry '“kugendera ku mukungugu”.

Abashinzwe inganda bavuze ko kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byabaye ikintu cyaranze inganda z’imodoka z’igihugu cyanjye, kandi umuvuduko w’imodoka z’ingufu nshya mu gihugu ku masoko yo mu mahanga wiyongereye ku buryo bwihuse, kandi biteganijwe ko iyi nzira nziza y’iterambere izakomeza.

Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihembwe cya mbere byiyongereyeho 55.5% umwaka ushize

Nk’uko imibare yo kugurisha buri kwezi yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka (mu magambo ahinnye yiswe Ishyirahamwe ry’Abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka) ku ya 11 Ukwakira, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu modoka by’Ubushinwa byakomeje kugera ku musaruro mwiza muri Nzeri nyuma yo kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru muri Kanama, birenga 300.000. ibinyabiziga bwa mbere. Kwiyongera kwa 73.9% kugera kuri 301.000.

Amasoko yo hanze arahinduka icyerekezo gishya cyo kuzamura ibicuruzwa byamasosiyete yimodoka yigenga. Urebye ku mikorere y’amasosiyete akomeye, kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Kanama, igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe na SAIC Motor cyiyongereye kigera kuri 17.8%, moteri ya Changan yiyongereye igera kuri 8.8%, Great Wall Motor yiyongereye igera kuri 13.1%, naho Geely Automobile yiyongera kugera kuri 14%.

Igishimishije, ibirango byigenga byageze ku ntera ishimishije mu kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’iburayi n’Amerika ndetse n’amasoko ya gatatu ku isi, kandi ingamba zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mpuzamahanga mu Bushinwa zarushijeho kuba nziza, zigaragaza iterambere muri rusange mu bwiza no mu bwinshi bw’ibinyabiziga bikorerwa mu gihugu.

Nk’uko byatangajwe na Xu Haidong, umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ishyirahamwe ry’Abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka, mu gihe umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga wazamutse, igiciro cy’amagare nacyo cyakomeje kwiyongera. Ikigereranyo cy’imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa ku isoko ryo hanze kigeze ku madorari 30.000 y’Amerika.

Dukurikije amakuru y’ishyirahamwe ry’isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi (mu magambo ahinnye yiswe Ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi), iterambere ryihuse ku isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi ni ikintu cyerekana. Muri Nzeri, imodoka zitwara abagenzi zoherezwa mu mahanga (harimo ibinyabiziga byuzuye na CKDs) mu mibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’abagenzi byari ibice 250.000, byiyongereyeho 85% umwaka ushize, kandi byiyongereyeho 77.5% muri Kanama. Muri byo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byigenga byageze ku bice 204.000, byiyongeraho 88% umwaka ushize. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nzeri, imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu gihugu miliyoni 1.59 zoherejwe mu mahanga, umwaka ushize wiyongera 60%.

Muri icyo gihe, kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byahindutse imbaraga zikomeye zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu imbere.

Imibare yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa yerekanye ko kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nzeri, amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa yohereje imodoka miliyoni 2.117, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 55.5%. Muri byo, imodoka nshya z’ingufu 389.000 zoherejwe mu mahanga, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho inshuro zirenga 1, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere wari hejuru cyane ugereranije n’ubwiyongere rusange bw’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu nganda z’imodoka.

Imibare yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abagenzi irerekana kandi ko muri Nzeri, imodoka nshya zitwara abagenzi mu gihugu zohereje ibicuruzwa 44.000, bingana na 17,6% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (harimo ibinyabiziga byuzuye na CKD). SAIC, Geely, Great Motor Motor, AIWAYS, JAC, nibindi. Uburyo bushya bwingufu zamasosiyete yimodoka bwitwaye neza kumasoko yo hanze.

Nk’uko abashinzwe inganda babitangaza, ngo igihugu cyanjye gishya cy’ibinyabiziga byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byagize icyitegererezo cy '“igihangange kimwe n’imbaraga nyinshi”: Tesla yohereza mu Bushinwa ni yo iza ku isonga muri rusange, kandi n’ibirango byayo bwite biri mu bihe byiza byoherezwa mu mahanga, mu gihe bitatu bya mbere byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu biri muri bitatu bya mbere. Amasoko ni Ububiligi, Ubwongereza na Tayilande.

Impamvu nyinshi zitera kuzamuka kwamasosiyete yimodoka yohereza hanze

Inganda zizera ko umuvuduko ukabije w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka biterwa ahanini n’ubufasha bw’ibintu byinshi.

Kugeza ubu, isoko ry’imodoka ku isi ryiyongereye, ariko kubera ibura rya chip hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho, abakora amamodoka yo mu mahanga bagabanije umusaruro, bituma habaho icyuho kinini.

Meng Yue, umuyobozi wungirije w’ishami ry’ubucuruzi n’ububanyi n’amahanga muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, mbere yavuze ko ukurikije isoko mpuzamahanga rikenewe, isoko ry’imodoka ku isi rigenda ryiyongera buhoro buhoro. Biteganijwe ko kugurisha imodoka ku isi bizarenga gato miliyoni 80 uyu mwaka na miliyoni 86,6 umwaka utaha.

Bitewe n’icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga, amasoko yo mu mahanga yateje icyuho cy’ibicuruzwa bitewe n’ibura ry’ibicuruzwa, mu gihe Ubushinwa muri rusange umusaruro uhagaze neza kubera gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo gikwiye byateje imbere kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa. Nk’uko imibare yaturutse muri AFS (AutoForecast Solutions) ibivuga, guhera mu mpera za Gicurasi uyu mwaka, kubera ikibazo cya chip, isoko ry’imodoka ku isi ryagabanije umusaruro ku modoka zigera kuri miliyoni 1.98, naho Uburayi n’akarere k’igabanuka ryinshi ry’imodoka. kubera kubura chip. Iki nacyo ni ikintu kinini mu kugurisha neza imodoka z’Abashinwa mu Burayi.

Kuva mu 2013, kubera ko ibihugu byiyemeje kwimukira mu iterambere ry’icyatsi, inganda nshya z’imodoka zitangiye gutera imbere byihuse.

Kugeza ubu, ibihugu n’uturere bigera ku 130 ku isi byasabye cyangwa bitegura gutanga intego zo kutabogama kwa karubone. Ibihugu byinshi byasobanuye ingengabihe yo kubuza kugurisha ibinyabiziga bya lisansi. Kurugero, Ubuholandi na Noruveje byasabye guhagarika kugurisha ibinyabiziga bya lisansi mu 2025.Ubuhinde n’Ubudage biritegura kubuza kugurisha ibinyabiziga bya peteroli mu 2030. Ubufaransa n’Ubwongereza birateganya kubuza kugurisha ibinyabiziga bya peteroli mu 2040. Kugurisha imodoka za peteroli.

Kubera igitutu cy’amabwiriza agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, inkunga ya politiki y’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu bihugu bitandukanye byakomeje gushimangirwa, kandi ku isi hose ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byakomeje kwiyongera, bitanga umwanya munini ku modoka nshya z’ingufu z’igihugu cyanjye. kwinjira mu masoko yo hanze. Imibare irerekana ko mu 2021, igihugu cyanjye gishya cyoherezwa mu mahanga ingufu z’ingufu zizagera ku 310.000, kikaba cyiyongereyeho hafi inshuro eshatu umwaka ushize, bingana na 15.4% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byakomeje gukomera, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 1,3 ku mwaka ku mwaka, bingana na 16,6% by’ibicuruzwa byose byoherezwa mu mahanga. Gukomeza kwiyongera kw'ibinyabiziga bishya byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy'uyu mwaka ni ugukomeza iyi nzira.

Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’imodoka zoherejwe mu gihugu cyanjye nabwo bwungukiwe no kwaguka “uruziga rw’inshuti” mu mahanga.

Ibihugu bikikije “Umukandara n'Umuhanda” nisoko nyamukuru yohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyanjye mu mahanga, bingana na 40%; kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, imodoka zanjye zoherezwa mu bihugu bigize RCEP ni imodoka 395.000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 48.9%.

Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye cyashyize umukono ku masezerano 19 y’ubucuruzi ku buntu, akubiyemo ibihugu 26 n’uturere. Chili, Peru, Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byagabanije imisoro ku bicuruzwa by’imodoka z’igihugu cyanjye, bituma hashyirwaho uburyo bworoshye bwo guteza imbere mpuzamahanga mu masosiyete y’imodoka.

Muri gahunda yo guhindura no kuzamura inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa, usibye kwibanda ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, inibanda ku isoko ry’isi. Kugeza ubu, ishoramari ry’abakora amamodoka yo mu gihugu ku isoko rishya ry’imodoka zifite ingufu zirenze kure iy'amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’imodoka. Muri icyo gihe, amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu gihugu yishingikiriza ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu kugira ngo atezimbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ikoranabuhanga rifite ubwenge, rifite inyungu mu bwenge no guhuza imiyoboro, kandi ryabaye intego ishimishije ku banyamahanga. urufunguzo.

Nk’uko abari mu nganda babitangaza, ngo bitewe ahanini n’imbere mu bijyanye n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu ni bwo guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu masosiyete y’imodoka z’Abashinwa byakomeje gutera imbere, imirongo y’ibicuruzwa byakomeje gutera imbere, kandi ingaruka z’ibicuruzwa zagiye ziyongera buhoro buhoro.

Fata urugero rwa SAIC. SAIC yashyizeho ibicuruzwa bisaga 1.800 byo hanze no kwamamaza. Ibicuruzwa na serivisi byayo bikwirakwizwa mu bihugu n’uturere birenga 90, bigizwe n’amasoko 6 akomeye mu Burayi, Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande, na Amerika. Igiteranyo cyo kugurisha mumahanga cyarenze miliyoni 3. imodoka. Muri byo, SAIC Motor yagurishije mu mahanga muri Kanama yageze ku bice 101.000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 65.7%, bingana na 20% by’ibicuruzwa byose, ibaye sosiyete ya mbere mu Bushinwa irenga ibice 100.000 mu kwezi kumwe mu mahanga amasoko. Muri Nzeri, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga SAIC byiyongereye kugera ku modoka 108.400.

Ushinzwe isesengura ry’imishinga yashinzwe Duan Yingsheng yasesenguye ko ibicuruzwa byigenga byihutishije iterambere ry’amasoko mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, Uburayi, na Amerika binyuze mu kubaka inganda mu mahanga (harimo n’inganda za KD), imiyoboro ihuriweho n’amahanga, ndetse no kubaka ubwigenge bw’imiyoboro yo hanze. Muri icyo gihe, kumenyekanisha isoko ku bicuruzwa byigenga nabyo bigenda bitera imbere buhoro buhoro. Mu masoko amwe n'amwe yo hanze, gukundwa kw'ibirango byigenga biragereranywa n'ibigo by'imodoka mpuzamahanga.

Ibyiringiro byamasosiyete yimodoka yohereza mubikorwa mumahanga

Nubwo kugera ku bikorwa byiza byoherezwa mu mahanga, amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu gihugu aracyakoresha cyane amasoko yo hanze kugirango yitegure ejo hazaza.

Ku ya 13 Nzeri, imodoka nshya ya MG MULAN 10,000 SAIC Motor yoherejwe i Shanghai ku isoko ry’Uburayi. Iki nicyiciro kinini cyimodoka zifite amashanyarazi meza yoherejwe kuva mubushinwa mu Burayi kugeza ubu. Umuntu bireba ushinzwe minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yavuze ko SAIC yohereza mu mahanga “imodoka 10,000 mu Burayi” ari intambwe ishimishije mu iterambere mpuzamahanga ry’inganda z’imodoka z’igihugu cyanjye, ibyoherezwa mu modoka nshya by’ingufu mu Bushinwa byinjiye mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ryihuse , kandi itera kandi inganda zimodoka kwisi guhinduka mumashanyarazi.

Mu myaka yashize, ibikorwa byo kwagura ibikorwa bya Great Wall Motor mu mahanga nabyo byakunze kugaragara cyane, kandi umubare rusange w’ibicuruzwa byo hanze byagurishijwe mu mahanga birenga miliyoni. Muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, Great Wall Motor yaguze uruganda rw’Ubuhinde rwa General Motors, hamwe n’uruganda rwa Mercedes-Benz Burezili rwaguzwe umwaka ushize, hamwe n’inganda zashyizweho n’Uburusiya na Tayilande, Great Wall Motor imaze kumenya imiterere muri Aziya no mu majyepfo. Amasoko yo muri Amerika. Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, Great Wall Motor na Emile Frye Group bagiranye amasezerano y’ubufatanye ku mugaragaro, kandi impande zombi zizasuzuma ku isoko ry’Uburayi.

Chery, yohereje mu mahanga amasoko yo hanze mbere, yabonye ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Kanama byiyongereyeho 152.7% umwaka ushize bigera ku modoka 51.774. Chery yashinze ibigo 6 bya R&D, ibirindiro 10 by’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa birenga 1.500 byo kugurisha no gutanga serivisi mu mahanga, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo byoherezwa muri Berezile, Uburusiya, Ukraine, Arabiya Sawudite, Chili ndetse no mu bindi bihugu. Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, Chery yatangiye gushyikirana n’abakora amamodoka yo mu Burusiya kugira ngo bamenye umusaruro uva mu Burusiya.

Kuva mu mpera za Nyakanga kugeza mu ntangiriro za Kanama uyu mwaka, BYD yatangaje ko yinjiye mu isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Buyapani na Tayilande, maze itangira gutanga ibicuruzwa bishya by’ingufu ku masoko ya Suwede n’Ubudage. Ku ya 8 Nzeri, BYD yatangaje ko izubaka uruganda rukora amashanyarazi muri Tayilande, ruteganijwe gutangira gukora mu 2024, buri mwaka rukaba rushobora gukora imodoka zigera ku 150.000.

Imodoka ya Changan irateganya kubaka ibirindiro bibiri kugeza kuri bine mu mahanga mu 2025. Changan Automobile yavuze ko izashyiraho icyicaro gikuru cy’Uburayi n’icyicaro gikuru cy’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru mu gihe gikwiye, ikinjira mu masoko y’imodoka z’iburayi n’amajyaruguru ya Amerika hamwe n’ibicuruzwa by’imodoka bifite ubuziranenge kandi buhanitse. .

Imbaraga nshya zo gukora imodoka nazo zigamije amasoko yo hanze kandi zishaka kugerageza.

Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, ku ya 8 Nzeri, Leap Motor yatangaje ko yinjiye ku mugaragaro ku masoko yo hanze. Yageze ku bufatanye n’isosiyete ikora inganda z’imodoka zo muri Isiraheli zohereza muri Isiraheli icyiciro cya mbere cya T03s; Weilai yavuze ku ya 8 Ukwakira ko ibicuruzwa byayo, serivisi zose hamwe na gahunda y’ubucuruzi bushya izashyirwa mu bikorwa mu Budage, Ubuholandi, Suwede na Danemark; Xpeng Motors nayo yahisemo Uburayi nkakarere gakunzwe kwisi yose. Bizafasha Xiaopeng Motors kwinjira byihuse ku isoko ry’iburayi. Mubyongeyeho, AIWAYS, LANTU, WM Motor, nibindi nabyo byinjiye kumasoko yuburayi.

Ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa rivuga ko uyu mwaka biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu cyanjye birenga miliyoni 2.4. Raporo y’ubushakashatsi iheruka gukorwa na Pacific Securities yavuze ko gushyira ingufu ku ruhande rwoherezwa mu mahanga bishobora gufasha mu gihugu imodoka zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zo mu rwego rwo hejuru ndetse n’ibice by’ibice kwihutisha iyongerwa ry’inganda, kandi bikarushaho gutera imbaraga imbaraga zabo mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ndetse no kunoza sisitemu nziza. .

Nyamara, abari mu nganda bemeza ko ibirango byigenga bigifite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu “kujya mu mahanga”. Kugeza ubu, ibyinshi mu birango byigenga byinjira ku isoko ryateye imbere biracyari mu rwego rwo kugerageza, kandi kuba isi y’imodoka z’Abashinwa biracyakeneye igihe cyo kugenzura.