Ibikoresho fatizo byiza cyane ni byo shingiro ryo gukora ibikoresho byo gufunga bifite ubuziranenge. Ariko, ibicuruzwa byinshi by’abakora ibikoresho byo gufunga bifite imiyoboro. Kuki ibi bibaho?

Kugeza ubu, ibipimo bisanzwe by’insinga z’icyuma zikoreshwa mu nganda zikora ibyuma zo mu rugo ni φ 5.5- φ 45, urwego rukuze ni φ 6.5- φ 30. Hari impanuka nyinshi nziza ziterwa no gutandukanya fosifore, nko gutandukanya fosifore n’insinga nto. Ingaruka zo gutandukanya fosifore n’isesengura ry’imiterere y’imiturire byashyizwe ahagaragara hano hepfo kugira ngo bisuzumwe. Kongeramo fosifore mu gishushanyo mbonera cy’icuma bizafunga agace k’icyiciro cya austenite kandi bikongera intera iri hagati ya solidus na liquidus. Iyo icyuma kirimo fosifore gikonjeshejwe kuva ku mazi kijya ku kintu gikomeye, kigomba kunyura mu rugero runini rw’ubushyuhe.

Igipimo cya fosifore mu cyuma gikwirakwira buhoro, kandi icyuma gishongeshejwe gifite fosifore nyinshi (aho ishongesha hato) cyuzuyemo dendrite za mbere zikomeye, bigatuma fosifore itandukana. Ku bicuruzwa bikunze kugira imiyoboro mu gihe cyo gucura cyangwa gusohora ibintu bikonje, isuzuma n'isesengura rya metallographic bigaragaza ko ferrite na pearlite bikwirakwira mu bice, kandi hari ferrite y'umweru ifite imigozi muri matrix. Hari ahantu hahurira sulfide y'umukara wijimye kuri matrix ya ferrite ifite imigozi. Imiterere ya sulfide ifite imigozi yitwa "umurongo w'umwuka" kubera gutandukanya sulfide.
Impamvu ni uko agace gafite imiterere ikomeye ya fosifore gatanga agace kera keza mu gace gakungahaye kuri fosifore. Mu gice cyo gucukura gihoraho, bitewe n’ingano ya fosifore nyinshi mu gace kera, kristu za columnar zikungahaye kuri fosifore, bigabanura ingano ya fosifore. Iyo billet ikomera, dendrite za austenite zibanza gutandukanywa n’icyuma gishongeshejwe. Fosifore na sulfur muri izi dendrite biragabanuka, ariko icyuma gishongeshejwe gikomera kigizwe na fosifore na sulfur. Gikomera hagati y’imirongo ya dendrite kuko fosifore na sulfur ari byinshi. Muri iki gihe, sulfide iraremwa, na fosifore irashonga muri matrix. Kubera ko fosifore na sulfur ari byinshi, sulfide irakorwa hano, na fosifore irashonga muri matrix. Kubera ko fosifore na sulfur ari byinshi, sulfide irakorwa hano, na fosifore irashonga muri matrix. Kubera ko fosifore na sulfur ari byinshi, sulfide irakorwa, na fosifore irashonga muri matrix. Kubera ko fosifore na sulfur ari byinshi, ingano ya karuboni mu gisubizo cya fosifore ikomeye iba nyinshi. Ku mpande zombi z’umukandara wa karubone, ni ukuvuga ku mpande zombi z’agace gakungahaye kuri fosifore, hakorwa umukandara muremure kandi muto w’amapera ujyanye n’umukandara wera wa ferrite, kandi ibice bisanzwe byegeranye biratandukana. Mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe, iki gikoresho kizagera mu cyerekezo cyo gutunganya hagati y'imirongo, kuko umukandara wa ferrite urimo fosifore nyinshi, ni ukuvuga ko gutandukanya fosifore bizatuma habaho imiterere y'umukandara wa ferrite munini ugaragara cyane ufite imiterere y'umukandara wa ferrite munini ugaragara cyane. Bigaragara ko hari n'imirongo ya sulfide yoroheje y'umukara mu mukandara wa ferrite munini ugaragara cyane, ukwirakwizwa n'umurongo muremure w'umukandara wa ferrite ukura muri sulfide, dukunze kwita "umurongo w'umwuka". (Reba Ishusho ya 1-2)

Umupira w'urukiramende

Mu gihe cyo gushyuha cyane, igihe cyose hari gutandukanya fosifore, ntibishoboka kubona imiterere imwe. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, kubera ko gutandukanya fosifore byagize imiterere y' "umurongo w'umwuka", bizagabanya imiterere y'ibikoresho. Gutandukanya fosifore mu byuma bifatanye na karuboni ni ibintu bisanzwe, ariko urwego rwabyo ruratandukanye. Gutandukanya fosifore cyane ("imiterere y'umurongo w'umwuka") bizatera ingaruka mbi cyane ku byuma. Birumvikana ko gutandukanya fosifore cyane ari yo nyirabayazana w'ibyuka bikonje. Kubera ko ingano ya fosifore mu byuma bitandukanye itandukanye, ibikoresho bifite imbaraga n'ubukana butandukanye. Ku rundi ruhande, bituma ibikoresho bitanga imbaraga imbere, bizatuma ibikoresho byoroha gucika. Mu bikoresho bifite imiterere y' "umurongo w'umwuka", ni ukubera kugabanuka k'ubukana, imbaraga, uburebure nyuma yo kuvunika no kugabanuka k'ubuso, cyane cyane kugabanuka k'ubukana bw'ingaruka, ingano ya fosifore mu bikoresho ifite isano ikomeye n'imiterere n'imiterere y'icyuma.
Mu gice cy' "umuyoboro w'umwuka" kiri hagati mu gice cyo kureba, habonetse ingano nini ya sulfide yoroheje kandi yoroheje y'umukara hakoreshejwe metallography. Ibyuma bitari iby'icyuma biri mu byuma by'imiterere bibaho cyane cyane mu buryo bwa okiside na sulfide. Dukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cya GB/T10561-2005 cy'ibikubiye mu byuma bitari iby'icyuma biri mu byuma, ingano ya sulfide iri mu byuma byo mu cyiciro cya B ni 2.5 cyangwa hejuru. Ibyuma bitari iby'icyuma bishobora gucika. Kubaho kwabyo bizangiza cyane imiterere y'icyuma no kugabanuka kwacyo, bityo bikagabanya cyane imbaraga zacyo hagati y'uduce.
Bikekwa ko sulfide iri mu nyubako y'imbere "umurongo w'umwuka" w'icyuma ari cyo gice cyoroshye gucikamo ibice. Kubwibyo, umubare munini w'ibifunga byacitse mu mutwe ukonje no mu kuzimya ubushyuhe aho byakorerwaga, byatewe n'umubare munini wa sulfide ndende zoroheje. Uyu mwenda utari uwo kuboha wangije imiterere y'icyuma kandi wongera ibyago byo kuvura ubushyuhe. "Umurongo w'umwuka" ntushobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe n'ubundi buryo, kandi ibintu by'umwanda bigomba kugenzurwa neza mbere yo gushonga cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo byinjira mu ruganda. Dukurikije imiterere n'ubushobozi bwo kwangirika, ibintu bitari iby'icyuma bigabanyijwemo alumina (ubwoko bwa A) silicate (ubwoko bwa C) na oxide y'umubumbe (ubwoko bwa D). Isura yabyo izaca imiterere y'icyuma kandi ikaba imyobo cyangwa imiyoboro nyuma yo gushwanyagurika, byoroshye gukora imiyoboro mu gihe cyo kuzimya ubushyuhe kandi bigatera stress nyinshi mu gihe cyo kuzimya imiyoboro. Kubwibyo, ibintu bitari iby'icyuma bigomba kugenzurwa cyane. Ibyuma bya Carbon Structural Steels GB/T700-2006 na GB T699-2016 by’ubu bifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru bitanga ibisabwa ku bikoresho bitari iby’icyuma. Ku bice by’ingenzi, muri rusange ni ubwoko bwa A, B, C, ubwoko bwa fine series ntabwo irenze 1.5, D, Ds type coarse system naho urwego rwa 2 ntirurenze urwego rwa 2.

Hebei Chengyi Engineering Materials Co., Ltd. ni ikigo gifite uburambe bw'imyaka 21 mu gukora no kugurisha ibipfunyika. Ibipfunyika byacu bikoresha ibikoresho fatizo byiza, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora no gukora, hamwe na sisitemu nziza yo gucunga kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa. Niba ushishikajwe no kugura ibipfunyika, twandikire.