Iterambere ry’inganda zihuta mu Bushinwa Nubwo umusaruro w’ubushinwa wihuta cyane, udufunga twatangiye ugereranije n’ibihugu by’amahanga. Kugeza ubu, isoko ryihuta ry’Ubushinwa ryabaye rinini. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa kenshi nibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije byazanye imbogamizi n amahirwe menshi mugutezimbere kwimbere murugo. Nubwo umubare muto wibifunga bigikenewe gutumizwa mu mahanga, duhereye ku cyerekezo cyiterambere, ibifunga byatoranijwe n’inganda z’ibanze byanyuzwe cyane mu Bushinwa.

Isesengura ryo hejuru no kumanuka gusesengura inganda zihuta

Hejuru yinganda zihuta cyane cyane ni inganda zikora ibikoresho nkibyuma, umuringa, na aluminium. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, kubera impamvu zishingiye ku bukungu no kuvugurura impande zombi, igiciro cy’ibikoresho fatizo mu ruganda rw’inganda kiriyongera, ariko ahanini kiri hejuru y’ibiciro kandi ntigifite ishingiro ryo kuzamuka ku buryo bugaragara. Nubwo ivugurura ry’impande zombi rigira ingaruka mbi ku musaruro w’ibikoresho fatizo, uhereye ku bihe biriho byo gutanga ibikoresho fatizo, inganda ziracyakenera ibikoresho fatizo birenze ibyo bisabwa, kandi umusaruro usigaye ukomeje kugurishwa mu mahanga, kandi hari byinshi kandi bikwirakwizwa henshi. abakora ibikoresho fatizo. Ibicuruzwa bihagije, ibicuruzwa birashobora kwizerwa, kandi ntabwo bizagira ingaruka kumasoko yamasosiyete yihuta.

Mugihe cyo gukora ibifunga, abatanga ibikoresho batanga ibikoresho byo gutunganya nkimashini zishushanya insinga, imashini zikonjesha zikonje, hamwe nimashini zizunguruka. Inganda zishushanyije zishushanya kandi zitanga ibicuruzwa ukurikije ibikenerwa na entreprise. Ibihingwa bihindura ibikoresho bitanga ibyuma, gushushanya insinga nibindi bikorwa byo guhindura ibikoresho. Tanga serivisi zo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa, ibihingwa bitunganya hejuru bitanga serivisi zo kuvura hejuru nka galvanisation.

Ku mpera yanyuma yinganda, ibicuruzwa byihuta bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, harimo imodoka, gari ya moshi, imashini, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Nka nkingi nyamukuru yo kumurongo wo murwego rwo kwizirika, inganda zimodoka zizaba inkunga yingenzi mugutezimbere. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimodoka, cyane cyane harimo ibyuma bisanzwe, ibyuma bidasanzwe, ibindi bikoresho bisanzwe byubukanishi nibindi bikoresho bisanzwe bitari bisanzwe, nibindi .Ibikoresho byimodoka biza kumwanya wambere mubikorwa byose byihuta. Umuntu umwe. Byongeye kandi, ibyifuzo byihuta mu nzira ya gari ya moshi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’izindi nzego nabyo ni binini cyane, kandi biri mu nzira yo kuzamuka.

Inganda zihuta zisaba isesengura

Kubera ko inganda zimashini aricyo cyerekezo nyamukuru cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa, kuzamuka no kugabanuka kwinganda zihuta bifitanye isano rya bugufi niterambere ryinganda zimashini. Mu myaka yashize, uruganda rukora imashini rwerekanye ko ruzamuka, bityo rutezimbere iterambere ryinganda zihuta. Urebye inganda zigabanijwe, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, inganda zita ku nganda, inganda z’ubwubatsi, n’inganda za elegitoronike nizo zikoresha abantu benshi. Nka nyamukuru yo hepfo yimikorere ya?kwizirika, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zizatanga inkunga yingenzi mugutezimbere.

Inganda z’imodoka ku isi zakoze neza muri 2017, zikomeza iterambere ryiza mu myaka icyenda ikurikiranye, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro n’ibicuruzwa bya 4.2% na 4.16%. Ibicuruzwa n’igurisha ku isoko ry’imodoka zo mu gihugu birakomeye cyane, aho iterambere ryiyongereye rya 8.69% na 8.53% kuva 2013 kugeza 2017. Iterambere ry’inganda rizakomeza mu myaka 10. iri imbere. Dukurikije imibare y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’imodoka n’ubushakashatsi mu Bushinwa, biteganijwe ko agaciro k’igurisha ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa kagera kuri miliyoni 42, naho kugurisha imodoka muri iki gihe bikaba miliyoni 28.889. Ibicuruzwa bishobora kugurishwa miriyoni 14 muri uru ruganda byerekana ko inganda z’imodoka zo mu Bushinwa zikiri zuzuye imbaraga ku isoko rito kandi rirambye, rishobora kuzana amahirwe meza yo guteza imbere inganda zihuta.

Inganda 3C zirimo mudasobwa, itumanaho, hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Nimwe mu nganda zihuta cyane mu Bushinwa ndetse no ku isi muri iki gihe, kandi ni n'inganda zifite imigozi myinshi. Nubwo umuvuduko witerambere ryinganda gakondo 3C wagabanutse, umwanya w isoko ryimigabane uracyari munini cyane. Byongeye kandi, PC, tableti, na terefone zifite ubwenge byatangiye kwinjira mu buso bw’irushanwa ry’inyanja Itukura, kandi hamwe na byo bizaba intambwe mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibicuruzwa byabo, bizazana porogaramu nshya y’ikoranabuhanga no guhindura inzira. Iterambere rikomeye ryinganda 3C rizongera ibyifuzo byihuta.

Imiterere yinganda zihuta cyane mubushinwa

Bitewe n’ivugurura ry’Ubushinwa n’ifungura ndetse n’iterambere rikomeye ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu, inganda zihuta cyane mu Bushinwa zagumije iterambere ry’iterambere mu myaka myinshi ishize. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 kugeza 2016, ishoramari ryihuse ry’inganda mu Bushinwa ryiyongereyeho miliyari 25 z'amadorari mu 2016. Amadolari arenga miliyari 40, igipimo cyinganda gikomeje kwiyongera.

Ubwiyongere bw'ishoramari mu nganda n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda, ubushobozi bw'umusaruro n'umusaruro w’ibifunga byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara. Ubushinwa bwabaye igihugu kinini mu gukora inganda. Ibisohoka byiziritse byashyizwe kumwanya wambere kwisi mumyaka myinshi. Amafaranga arenga miliyari 70.

Dukurikije ibigereranyo by’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zihuta mu Bushinwa, kuri ubu mu Bushinwa hari inganda zirenga 7000 zikora inganda zihuta, ndetse n’inganda zirenga 2000 ziri hejuru y’urwego muri uru ruganda, ariko ntabwo ari inganda nini nini zifite agaciro k’inganda zirenga Miliyoni 500. Kubwibyo, igipimo rusange cyibigo byihuta mu gihugu ni bito. Bitewe nubunini buto bwibigo byihuta byimbere mu gihugu hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa R & D, ibicuruzwa byinshi byihuta byibanda kumasoko yo hasi kandi amarushanwa arakaze; bimwe murwego rwohejuru, tekinoroji yihuta yibicuruzwa bisaba umubare munini wibitumizwa hanze. Ibi byateje isoko ryinshi ryibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hasi ku isoko, mugihe ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bifite ibintu byinshi byikoranabuhanga bifite ibikoresho bidahagije mu gihugu. Nk’uko imibare yaturutse muri Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ibigaragaza, mu 2017 ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Bushinwa byihuta byinjije toni miliyoni 29.92, bifite agaciro ka miliyari 5.054 z’amadolari y’Amerika, byiyongereyeho 11,30% umwaka ushize; ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga byihuse byari toni 322.000, naho ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byari miliyari 3.121 US $, byiyongereyeho 6.25% umwaka ushize. Ibyinshi mubicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga nibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bifite ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga bihanitse.

Nubwo inganda zihuta cyane mubushinwa zitanga umusaruro muke ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hasi, amasosiyete yihuta mu gihugu akomeje guhinduka mu masosiyete agezweho, yigira ku bunararibonye mpuzamahanga bwateye imbere, kandi akomeza kunoza ubushakashatsi bwigenga n’iterambere ry’inganda zihuta mu myaka icumi. Urebye ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ipatanti ry’Ubushinwa ryihuse, umubare wabasabye muri 2017 wari urenga 13.000, ibyo bikaba bikubye inshuro 6.5 ugereranije n’umwaka wa 2008. Birashobora kugaragara ko ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya mu Bushinwa bwihuta cyane mu bihe byashize imyaka icumi, gukora kwihuta Kubona ikirenge mu cyisi.

Kwizirika, nkibigize shingiro byinganda, bikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi, kandi nabyo ni ishingiro ryingenzi ryo guhindura no kuzamura inganda zo hasi. Icyifuzo cya “Made in China 2025 ″ cyafunguye intangiriro y’Ubushinwa buva mu nganda zikora inganda zikora ingufu. Guhanga udushya, guhindura imiterere, no guhindura no kuzamura inganda zinyuranye ntaho bitandukaniye no kunoza imikorere nubuziranenge bwibigize shingiro, kandi byerekana kandi ko ahantu hashobora kuba isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bizakomeza kwagurwa. Uhereye kurwego rwibicuruzwa, imbaraga nyinshi, imikorere ihanitse, isobanutse neza, agaciro kongerewe agaciro, hamwe nibice bitari bisanzwe ni icyerekezo cyiterambere cyimbere.