Umukanishi wese yarayikoresheje, ariko benshi ntibazi umubare wubwoko butandukanye bwo gukaraba, ibikoresho bikozwe, nuburyo bwo kubikoresha neza. Mu myaka yashize, twakiriye ibibazo byinshi bijyanye no gukaraba, bityo ingingo yikoranabuhanga isangira amakuru kuri ibyo bikoresho byuma birarengeje igihe.

Muminsi ishize twerekanye ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu byihuta cyane hamwe na Automotive Racing Products, Inc. Igihe kirageze cyo kubaha ibice byihuta bikunze gufatwa nkibisanzwe, uwicisha bugufi.

Mu bika bikurikira, tuzareba ibyo gukaraba aribyo, ubwoko butandukanye bwo gukaraba, ibyo bakora, uko bikozwe, aho nigihe cyo kubikoresha - kandi yego, tuzanaganira niba abamesa bayobora cyangwa atariyo.

Muri rusange, gukaraba ni isa na disiki, isahani ya wafer ifite umwobo hagati. Mugihe igishushanyo gishobora kumvikana nkibisanzwe, abamesa batanga akazi katoroshye. Bakunze gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza umutwaro wihuta, nka bolt cyangwa cap screw.

Birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'icyogajuru - cyangwa rimwe na rimwe - birashobora kuba imyenda yo kwambara, igikoresho cyo gufunga, cyangwa no kugabanya kugabanya kunyeganyega - nk'icyuma cya rubber. Igishushanyo cyibanze cyo gukaraba kiranga diameter yinyuma yikubye kabiri diameter yimbere.

Ubusanzwe bikozwe mubyuma, koza birashobora kandi gukorwa muri plastiki cyangwa reberi - bitewe nibisabwa. Mu mashini, ingingo zujuje ubuziranenge zisaba gukaraba ibyuma bikarishye kugirango wirinde kwinjirira hejuru. Ibi byitwa Brinelling. Utu tuntu duto dushobora amaherezo kuganisha ku gutakaza preload kuri yihuta, kuganira, cyangwa kunyeganyega birenze. Mugihe ibintu bikomeje, iyi mikorere irashobora kwihuta mubindi kwambara bikunze gusobanurwa nko gutemba cyangwa guhina.

Abamesa nabo bafasha kwirinda ruswa ya galvanic, imiterere ibaho mugihe ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bihuye. Icyuma kimwe gikora nka anode, ikindi nka cathode. Kugabanya umuvuduko cyangwa gukumira iki gikorwa guhera muntangiriro, isabune ikoreshwa hagati ya bolt cyangwa ibinyomoro hamwe nicyuma gihujwe.

Usibye gukwirakwiza kuringaniza igice hejuru yumutekano no kugabanya amahirwe yo kwangiza igice, abamesa banatanga ubuso bunoze bwimbuto cyangwa bolt. Ibi bituma ingingo ifatanye idashobora kugabanuka ugereranije nubuso butaringaniye.

Hano hari abamesa badasanzwe bagenewe gutanga kashe, aho amashanyarazi ahagarara, guhuza icyuma, gufata imbohe, gufata, cyangwa gutanga igitutu cya axial kumutwe. Tuzaganira kuri aba bakaraba badasanzwe muri make aha hepfo.

Twabonye kandi inzira ebyiri zo gukoresha nabi amamesa nkigice gifatanye. Habayeho ibihe byinshi aho abakanishi b'igicucu bakoresheje ibiti cyangwa utubuto duto cyane kuri diametre igice barimo. Muri ibi bihe, isabune ifite diameter y'imbere ihuye na bolt, nyamara, ntabwo yemerera umutwe wa bolt cyangwa ibinyomoro kunyerera mu mwobo wibigize. Ibi birasaba ibibazo kandi ntibigomba na rimwe kugerageza ahantu hose mumodoka yo kwiruka.

Mubisanzwe, abakanishi bazakoresha bolt ndende cyane, ariko ibuze insinga zihagije, zitemerera urugingo gukomera. Gushyira intoki zogeje kuri shanki nka spacer kugeza igihe ibinyomoro bishobora gukomera nabyo bigomba kwirindwa. Hitamo uburebure bwa bolt. Gukoresha ibikoresho byogeje bidakwiye birashobora kwangiza cyangwa gukomeretsa.

Muri rusange, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwo gukaraba bukozwe mwisi muri iki gihe. Bimwe byakozwe muburyo bukoreshwa muguhuza ibiti mugihe bimwe bigamije kuvoma. Ku bijyanye n'ibikenerwa mu modoka, inzobere mu bijyanye na R&D ya ARP, Jay Coombes, atubwira ko hari ubwoko butanu gusa bukoreshwa mu kubungabunga imodoka. Hariho isabune isanzwe (cyangwa isabune isukuye), igikarabiro cya fender, igikarabiro (cyangwa igikarabiro), icyuma cyogeza inyenyeri, hamwe no gushiramo.

Igishimishije, ntuzabona isabune yatandukanijwe mumashanyarazi manini ya ARP. Coombes yabisobanuye agira ati: "Zifite akamaro cyane cyane zifata diameter ntoya mu bihe bito." ARP ikunda kwibanda kumikorere-yo kwiruka cyane yo kwiruka ikora munsi yimitwaro iremereye. Hano haribintu bitandukanye byubwoko bwogeje bukora intego zihariye, nkuwamesa usanzwe hamwe na seriveri kuruhande.

Gukaraba neza ni umuhuza watoranijwe hagati yumutwe wa bolt (cyangwa ibinyomoro) nibintu bifatanye. Intego yacyo yibanze nugukwirakwiza umutwaro wihuta kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwubuso. Coombes agira ati: "Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane hamwe n'ibigize aluminium."

Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe ubuziranenge (ANSI) cyatanze urutonde rwibipimo ngenderwaho kugirango bikoreshwe muri rusange, abamesa basaba ubwoko bubiri. Ubwoko A busobanurwa nkuwamesa hamwe no kwihanganira mugari aho ubusobanuro budakomeye. Ubwoko B ni isabune isukuye hamwe no kwihanganira cyane aho diameter yo hanze yashyizwe mubyiciro bigufi, bisanzwe, cyangwa ubugari kubunini bwacyo (diameter y'imbere).

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, abamesa biragoye kuruta ibisobanuro byoroshye biva mumuryango umwe. Mubyukuri, hariho byinshi. Sosiyete y'Abashinzwe Imodoka (SAE) ishyira mu byiciro byogejwe neza mu bunini bwibintu, hamwe na diametre ntoya imbere no hanze ugereranije nuburyo umuryango w’ubuziranenge wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (USS) wasobanuye koza neza.

Ibipimo bya USS ni ibipimo byogejwe bishingiye kuri santimetero. Iri shyirahamwe riranga isabune imbere na hanze ya diameter kugirango yakire insinga nini cyangwa nini ya bolt. USS yoza ikoreshwa kenshi mubikoresho byimodoka. Hamwe nimiryango itatu yerekana amahame atatu atandukanye yo gukaraba neza, biragaragara ko abamesa bigoye kuruta uko bigaragara byoroshye byatuma umuntu yemera.

Nk’uko bivugwa na ARP's Coombes, “Ingano n'ubwiza bw'isuku ubwayo bikwiye kwitabwaho cyane. Igomba kugira ubunini n'ubunini bihagije kugira ngo igabanye neza umutwaro. ” Co. Ikindi kintu cyose gishobora gutera preloading zingana. ”

Aba ni abamesa bafite umurambararo munini cyane wa diameter ugereranije nu mwobo wo hagati. Yashizweho kandi kugirango ikwirakwize imbaraga zifata, ariko kubera ubunini bunini, umutwaro utambuka ahantu hanini. Kumyaka myinshi, ibyo byogejwe byakoreshwaga muguhuza ibinyabiziga, bityo izina. Gukaraba neza birashobora kugira diameter nini yo hanze, ariko mubisanzwe bikozwe mubintu bito.

Gukaraba neza bifite imiterere ihindagurika kandi bikoreshwa mukurinda kurekura bitewe no kunyeganyega. Ifoto yo kuri www.amazon.com.

Gukaraba neza, nanone bita amasoko cyangwa gukaraba, bifite imiterere ihindagurika. Ibi bikoreshwa mukurinda kurekura kubera kunyeganyega. Igitekerezo kiri inyuma yo gukaraba kiroroshye: Ikora nkisoko kugirango ushire igitutu kubintu bifatanye hamwe numutwe wa bolt cyangwa ibinyomoro.

ARP ntabwo ikora ibyo byogeje kuko ibyuma byinshi bigira uruhare runini muri moteri, moteri, chassis, no guhagarikwa bikomekwa kumurongo wihariye, bikoresha imbaraga zikwiye. Hano hari amahirwe make yo kwihuta kurekura udakoresheje igikoresho.

Ba injeniyeri benshi bemeza ko koza isoko - iyo ihinduwe hejuru cyane - izarambura kurwego runaka. Mugihe ibyo bibaye, isabune yatandukanijwe izatakaza impagarara zayo ndetse irashobora no guhagarika preloading yukuri ifatanye.

Abamesa inyenyeri bafite seriveri yaguka imbere cyangwa hanze kugirango barume hejuru yubutaka kugirango birinde kwihuta. Ifoto yo kuri www.amazon.com.

Abamesa inyenyeri bakora intego imwe nkiyogeje. Zigamije kubuza kwihuta kurekura. Ibi ni byogejwe hamwe na seriveri yaguka cyane (imbere cyangwa hanze) kugirango irume hejuru yikintu. Mugushushanya, bagomba "gucukumbura" kumutwe wa bolt / nut na substrate kugirango birinde kwihuta. Gukaraba inyenyeri mubisanzwe bikoreshwa hamwe na bolts ntoya hamwe na screw zijyanye nibikoresho byamashanyarazi.

Kurinda kuzunguruka, bityo bikagira ingaruka kuri preload yukuri, byatumye ARP ikora ibikoresho byogejwe bidasanzwe byerekanwe kuruhande. Igitekerezo ni ukugira ngo bafate ikintu gifatanye kandi batange urubuga ruhamye.

Iyindi mashini idasanzwe yakozwe na ARP niyinjizamo ubwoko. Byaremewe kurinda hejuru yumwobo kugirango birinde guhumeka cyangwa hejuru yumwobo gusenyuka. Ibikoreshwa bisanzwe birimo imitwe ya silinderi, ibice bya chassis, nibindi bice byambara cyane bisaba koza.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko gusiga bigira uruhare runini mugutangiza neza. Usibye gushyira amavuta kumutwe wumugozi wihuta, birasabwa gushyira umubare muto kuruhande rwumutwe wa bolt (cyangwa nut) cyangwa hejuru yuwamesa. Ntuzigere usiga amavuta munsi yuwamesa (keretse niba amabwiriza yo kwishyiriraho abivuga ukundi) nkuko udashaka ko azunguruka.

Kwitondera gukoresha neza gukaraba no gusiga ni ikintu gikwiye kwitabwaho namakipe yose yubwoko.

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